There are three references about Saturn, all in BhishmaParva, i. e. in the dialogue between Vyasa and Dhritarashtra on the day prior to start of war. They are as under.
1. संवत्सरस्थायिनौ च ग्रहौ प्रज्वलितावुभौ
विशाखयोः समीपस्थौ बृहस्पतिशनैश्चरौ
2. रोहिणीं पीडयन्नेष स्थितो राजन् शनैश्चरः
And
3. भाग्यं नक्षत्रमाक्रम्य सूर्यपुत्रेण पीड्यते.
First one wants Saturn to be at or near Vishakha for one year. As Saturn anyway takes more than one year to cross a nakshatra, the one year stay is not a problem but Saturn needs to be at Vishakha. (And also Jupiter should be in Swati in the beginning, so it remains in Swati-Vishakha-Anuradha space for one year)
The second ref. realistically calls for Saturn to be at Rohini or at least at Krittika or Mrug.
The third needs Saturn to be at Bhaga, i. e. Uttara-Falguni, The word आक्रम्य demands it.
The three are clearly mutually exclusive. If one is satisfied, other two cannot be.
The year 5561 BCE selected by Shri. Vartak and Shri. Oak satisfies none of the three. I quote Shri. Oak – ‘Saturn was at Uttara-Falguni two years before war but by the first day it was approaching Chitra.’ In other words, it had reached end of Hasta space, meaning it left Bhaga behind, one year back. (At another place in the book he specifically says ‘Saturn at Chitra’)
Since only one of the three references can be satisfied, Shri. Oak should make up his mind which he considers most important. His present attempt to claim that all three are satisfied will not satisfy anyone.
As far as I remember. Dr. Vartak in ‘Svayambhu’ considered Saturn and Jupiter being near Vishakha, as most important. Starting from some recent years when it was so, he has suggested working backwards in 60 years steps when Saturn will complete 2 and Jupiter will complete 5 rounds around Sun and come back to Vishakha. The year claimed by him, 5561 BCE, however, does not match the requirements. He had of course no access to software to verify actual positions of Saturn and Jupiter in 5561 BCE. If he had, he would have probably batted for some other year!
Another researcher, Shri. Raghavan and Shri. Narahari Achar have nicely bypassed the problem by satisfying only one, ‘Saturn at Rohini’ and claiming other two references are related to Comets, sons of Saturn, and not to Saturn itself at all!
Dr. Vartak has brought in Astrology and claims Saturn afflicting Rohini from seventh place. Modern Astrology may say so, I have no knowledge, but did Vyasa mean that? Obviously not. He talks about bad omens etc. but not about Duryodhana’s or Yudhishthira’s horoscope!
I have no favorite among the three references. Saturn affecting Rohini is mentioned by Karna also. So it gets two votes! Others get one each. Shri. Achar gives that as a reason for prefering it.
1. If we decide to give preference to Saturn in Vishakha for one year, we have to select 5559 BCE, two years later than 5561BCE, so Saturn will move from Chitra , through Svati to Vishakha. During these two years, Jupiter however would move 4-5 Nakshatras further away. So it will not suit. I am unable to hit on the nearest year to 5561 BCE to fulfil Saturn at Vishakha and Jupiter at Chitra.
2. If we want Saturn to be at Rohini, we will have to jump 18-19 years forward, i. e. to 5543 BCE or say 10 years backwards to 5571 BCE.
3. If we want Saturn at Bhaga (Uttara Falguni), we have to move back by only 2 years to 5563 BCE
I leave it to the readers and Shri. Oak
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